Let and var Type annotations Type inference Numeric types Strings and interpolation Tuples Optionals Nil coalescing

If statements Guard statements Switch matching Range matching For in loops While loops Repeat while Defer statement

Argument labels Default parameters Variadic parameters Inout parameters Function types Nested functions Closures Escaping closures

Arrays Sets Dictionaries Map CompactMap Filter Reduce Lazy collections

Enum cases Associated values Raw values Structs Computed properties Property observers Mutating methods Static properties

Classes Inheritance Overriding Final members Protocols Protocol extensions Class-only protocols Composition with protocols

Generic functions Generic types Type constraints Where clauses Associated types Opaque return types Some keyword Any existential

Throwing functions Do catch Try optional Defer cleanup ARC strong references Weak references Unowned references Capture lists

Async functions Await expressions Task Task groups Actors MainActor AsyncSequence Sendable

Result builders Property wrappers Key paths Codable JSONDecoder Result type Pattern matching if case Availability checks